| What is a normal temperature? | 97.9*-100.4* rectal - anything below or above is considered abnormal. If temp is low, put on hat & wrap in warm blanket and recheck temp |
| What is a normal heart rate? | 120-140 beats per minute, crying will increase HR, sleep will decrease HR |
| What are normal respiration? | 30-60 breaths per minute, crying will increase RR, sleep will decrease RR |
| What posture should a newborn have? | Flexion of head and extremities, which rest on chest & abdomen. |
| How is a frank breech different? | Extended legs, abducted and fully rotated thighs, flattened occiput, extended neck |
| How should the skin look in a newborn? | Bright red, puffy & smooth at birth. Second to third day, pink, flaky & dry. Vernix caseosa will be present, more in preterm, less in past due infant. |
| What is acrocyanosis? | Cyanosis of the hands and feet. |
| What is milia? | Distended sebaceous glands that appear as tiny white papules on cheeks, chin & nose. |
| How should the anterior fontanel appear? | Should be diamond shaped, sunken fontanel is a sign of dehydration, closes at approx 18 mos |
| How should the posterior fontanel appear? | Should be triangular, closes earlier than anterior fontanel |
| What is caput succedaneum? | Swelling that crosses the midline of the cranium |
| What is cephalhematoma? | Hemorrhage of blood between the periosteum & skull bone - doesn't cross midline |
| What is the pilonidal cyst or sinus? | Small dimple near tailbone. Make sure its not an actual opening. |
| What can quivering or momentary tremors indicate? | Can be sign of low blood sugar or something more serious. |
| What are the important reflexes? | Sucking, gag, rooting, grasp, babinski, Moro, Startle, Asymmetric tonic neck, Dance or step. |
| What is the sucking reflex? | Sucking movements in response to stimulation, persists throughout infancy even without stimulation such as during sleep. |
| What is the rooting reflex? | Stroking the cheek causes infant to turn head toward that side and begins to suck. Should disappear around 3-4 months, but can remain until 12 months. |
| What is the grasp reflex? | Touching palms of hand or soles of feet causes digits to flex, palmar grasp lessens after 3 months - replaced by voluntary movement. Plantar grasp lessens by 8 months of age. |
| What is the babinski reflex? | When stroking the sole of the foot causes toes to hyper extend - disappears after age of 1 |
| What is the moro reflex? | Sudden jarring or change in equilibrium causes sudden extension & abduction of extremities and fanning of fingers, disappears after age of 3-4 months |
| What is the startle reflex? | A sudden loud noise causes abduction of the arms with flexion of the elbows, hands remain clenched, disappears by 4 months |
| What is the aysmmetric tonic neck? | When infant's head is turned to one side, arm and leg extend on that side & opposite arm & leg flex. Disappears by age 3-4 months replaced by symmetric positioning. |
| What are the neonatal signs of low blood sugar? | Jitteriness, tremors, twitching, weak or high pitched cry, lethargy, limp |
| What is routine circumcision care? | Post-circumcision, check for bleeding q15 min for 1st hour, then q 1 hour x 4 hours |
| What is the recommended way to breast feed? | Chest to chest, chin to breast - use pillows for support. |
| How do you know the baby is getting enough to eat? | 6 to 10 wet diapers & 1 bm per day |
| How is LATCH used in charting breastfeeding? | L - latch, A - audible swallowing, T - type of nipple, C - comfort (breast/nipple), H - hold (positioning) |
| What teaching should be given for non-breastfeeding mothers? | Do not stimulate or manipulate breasts, avoid warm water on breasts, do not let shower water hit breasts, wear well-fitting supportive bra, no supply, demand will dry up. |
| What should the mother do when the milk comes in? | Use breast binder, ice packs, Tylenol |
| What are some warning signs for a newborn? | No urine in first 24 hours, no bm in first 48 hours, temp, rapid breathing over 60 per/min, retractions, wheezing, odor, drainage or bleeding from ublilical stump, yellow coloring |
