| voiding at frequent intervals (<2hr) | frequency |
| difficulty urinary OP relative to intake (usually 400mL/24hr) | oliguria |
| voiding one or more times at night | nocturia |
| leakage of urine despite voluntary control of urination | dribbling |
| involuntary loss of urine | incontinence |
| blood in th eurine | hematuria |
| accumulation of urine in the bladder, with inability of bladder to empty fully | retention |
| volume of urine remaining after voiding (>100mL) | residual urine |
| med that makes urine brown or black | Levodopa |
| med that makes urine blue or green | Amitriptyline |
| med that makes urine bright orange or rust color | Phenazopyridine (Pyridium) |
| excessive OP of urine | polyuria |
| no urine is produced | anuria |
| increased urine formation | diuresis |
| Dysuria | painful urination |
| normal urine color | pale, straw color to amber |
| eating beets, rhubarb, or blackberries may change urine color to ___ | red |
| dark amber urine is due to high concentrations of __ | bilirubin |
| urine will be ____ with high protein concentration due to renal problems | cloudy |
| urine is thick and cloudy when ___ | bacteria and WBC are present |
| a sweet or fruity urine smell is due to ___ | acetone ot acetoacetic acid seen with DM and starvation |
| collect during normal voiding from a cath or cup | random |
| collection taken during urination | clean-voided or midstream |
| sterile collection of urine through a cath port | sterile specimen |
| urine may be collected -2, -12, or -24 hr periods--beings after pt urinates and ends with final voiding | timed collection |
| the weight or degree of concentraion of a substance compared with a equal volume of water | specific gravity |
| what is the normal pH range for urine? | 4.6 - 8.0 |
| what is the normal protein range for urine? | 0 -8mg/100mL |
| what is the normal SP gravity of urine? | 1.0053 - 1.030 |
