Reading EKG Strips

QuestionAnswer
IF there is a P-wave, the rhythm will be one of theses Sinus Rhythms:Sinus Rhythm: Normal Sinus Rhythm, Sinus Bradycardia or Sinus Tachycardia
If you do not have a P-wave the rhythm is:Ventricular
Determine the Rate:60-100 (NSR or AJR)<60 (SB, or JR)> 100 (ST or JT)

 

 

PR Interval = <.12 (less than 3 little boxes)= Junctional Rhythm, nextlook at rate
PR Interval = .12-.20 = (3 to 5 little boxes)= Sinus Rhythm, Sinus Brady, Sinus Tach
PR Interval = >.20 =1st degree heart block. Type of rhythnm with 1st degree heart block
No P-wave=Ventricular Tachacardia, ideoventricular, Atrial flutter, Fixed conduction (...!...!...!)
Regular QRS =0.06-0.10
Super Ventricular Tachycardia<3 little boxes
When do you cardiovertWhen you have a pulse
When do you DefibulateWhen you have no pulse
What drug(s) do you use for AsystoleEpinephrine, and atropine
The drug used to Chemicaly Cardiovert SVT isAdenosine
Nursing Diagnosis related to CABGFear, Deficient knowledgeIneffective cardiac tissue perfusion, Decreased cardiac output, Impaired gas exchange, Risk for imbalanced fluid volume, Disturbed sensory perception, Acute pain, Ineffective tissue perfusion, Ineffective thermoregulation
CVP normal value:Wedge pressure:PAPCVP:0-4 Wedge pressure:8-15 PAP 20-30/5-15
Pulmonary EdemaMassive left sided heart failure, full of fluid, pink frothy secretions, Treatment: diuretics (lasix first line)If pt has renal failure then (nitroglycerin and morphine)
Irregular RhythmsA-flutter, Sinus Arrhythmia, 2 degree or 3 degree heart block, A-fib
Narrowing pulse pressure would be seen in which patientTamponade, also massive JVD
Pacemaker Information required on ChartModel of pacemaker, type of generator, date and time of insertion, location of pulse generator, stimulation threshold, Pacer settings (eg, rate, energy output, sensitivity, and duration of interval between atrial and ventricular impulses)
Endocarditis Infective Risk factorsRisk factors: heart valve prosthesis, hx of heart disease (mitral valve prolapse), chronic dibilitatin disease, IV drug abuse and immunosuppression
PericarditisFriction rub. notched T wave, S/S: fever, positional chest discomfort, nonspecific ST-segment elevation, elevated ESR erythrocyte sedimentation rate, retrosternal pain that worsens during supine positioning, pulsus paradoxus
hypokalemia wave form changesU uaves after the T
hyperkalemiaTall QRS complexes
hypomagnesiumTorsades de pointes
Medications to treat ventricular dysrhythmiasLidocaine, Beta blockers, amiodarone (drug of choice for v-tac)
Right Heart Failure (chronic condition)JVD, Dependent Edema, right upper gastric pain(Right heart handles systemic blood return)
Left Heart FailureBibasilar fine crackles, dyspnea, tachycardia, S3 and S4 heartsounds,fatigue, hemoptysis, non-productive cough, cool pale skin, PMI displaces toward the left anterior axillary line
Inferior wall myocardial InfarctionT-wave inversion:inadequate blood supplyST-segment elevation:injury prolonged ischemiaPathologic Q waves Are all signs of tissue hypoxia
DigoxinHold if apical pulse is less than 60 bpm. Digitalis Toxicity = vision changes (halos), dysrhythmia, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, headache, and malaise. Increases force of myocardial contraction and decreases HR.
A-fibWarfarin to prevent clots and decrease risk of stroke, Digoxin to control HR
12 Lead EKGST elevation indicates immediate myocardial injury. ST depressions indicate myocardial ischemia. Q wave forms several days after a myocardial infarction, U wave is a sign of hypokalemia.
Laxix FurosemideIV push: give at a rate of 20 mg/min or less. Rapid injection can cause hearing loss as a result of ototoxicity.Normal daily dose: 40 mg. loop diuretic
NitroglycerinReduces oxygen consumption to devrease ischemia and relieve pain. Vasodialator mainly in veins and reduces blood return to heart and preload is reduced. May cause a significant drop in cardiac output and B/P if pt is hypovolemic at higher doses.
Calcium Channel BlockersSlows heartrate and decreases strength of contraction which decreases workload of heart. Relaxes blood vessels decreasing BP and increases coronary artery perfusion
Rhumatic FeverCaused by strep
S/S of Infective EndocarditisOsler's nodes (red, painful nodules on the fingers and toes) splinter hemorrhages, fever, diaphoresis, hoint pain, weakness, abdominal pain, new murmur, Janeway's lesions (small, hemorrhagic areas on fingers, toes, ears, and nose)
Myocarditis S/SFlu-like symptoms.fatigue, dyspnea, palpitations, and occasional discofort in the chest and upper abdomen. My develop dysrhythmias, or ST-T wave changes. Systolic murmur, gallop rhtyhm,
ACE Inhibitorspromote vasodilation and diuresis by decreasing afterload and preload.
Dobutamineleft ventricular dysfunction. increases cardiac contractility. at high doses, it also increases HR and incidence of ectopic beats and tachydysrhythmias. take care in pt with a-fib.
CK-MB earliest increase, peak and return to normal4-8 hours, peaks 12-24 hrs, and returns to normal 1-3 weeks
Troponin earliest increase, peak and return to normal3-4 hours, peaks in 4-24 hrs and returns to normal 1-3 weeks
Labs for Heart failureBUN, TSH, CBC, BNP
Mitral stenosis: Rhythms, S/SS/S: dyspnea, progressive fatigue, hemoptysis, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, chough, wheeze, repeated respiratory infections. Dysrhythmias like A-fib. Tests Doppler echocardiography.
Aortic Regurgitation: CauseCaused by inflammatory lesions that deformt he leaflets of the aortic valve. also infective or rheumatic endocarditis, congenital abnormalities, diseases such as syphilis, dissecting aneurysm, blunt chest trauma, or valve replacement.
Aortic Regurgitation: S/SForceful heartbeats in head and neck, arterial pulsations that are visible or palpable at the carotid or temporal arteries. Exertional dyspnea, fatigure, progressive s/s of left ventricular failure includie breathing difficulties, orthopnea, PND.
Valve replacement teaching: pre and posttake long term anticoagulant therapy, freequent follow up appointsments and blood lab studies. mak need to take aspirin, precribed medication teaching,
Cardiac Tamponade S/SLife threatening need stat interventions. S/S fullness within the chest, substantial or ill defined pain. sob, massive JVD, falling systolic blood pressure, narrowing pulse pressure, rising venous pressure (increased JVD) and distant heart sounds
Cardiac Tamponade treatmentpericardiocentesis, pericardiotomy (pericardial window)
CABG:70% occlusion (60% if in the Left main). artery must me patent beyond the occlusion. Use greater saphenous vein, lesser saphenous, chephalic and basilic veins.

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