Question: Montu, Bantu, Chantu and Pintu have pets.
Montu says, "If Pintu and I each have a dog, then exactly one of Bantu and Chantu has a dog."
Bantu says, "If Chantu and I each have a cat, then exactly one of Montu and Pintu has a dog."
Chantu says, "If Montu and I each have a dog, then exactly one of Bantu and Pintu has a cat."
Pintu says, "If Bantu and I each have a cat, then exactly one of Bantu and I has a dog."
Only one of the four is telling the truth.
Answer:
Bantu is telling the truth.
For a IF-THEN statement to be false, IF part has to be true and THEN part has to be false.
Since only one statement is true and remaining three are false, IF part of three statements are true & THEN part of one statement is true. Let's put the given information in table.
The pet-name in the normal text represents the IF part and the pet-name in round brackets represents the THEN part.
Montu Bantu Chantu Pintu
Montu says Dog (Dog) (Dog) Dog
Bantu says (Dog) Cat Cat (Dog)
Chantu says Dog (Cat) Dog (Cat)
Pintu says Cat
(Dog) Cat
(Dog)
It is clear that the IF part of the statements made by Montu, Chantu and Pintu are true as they do not contradict each other. And the IF part of the statement made by Bantu is false. Thus, Bantu is telling the truth.
Montu have a Dog and may or may not have a Cat.
Bantu have a Cat.
Chantu have a Dog.
Pintu have a Dog and a Cat.